From experience, traveling under a full moon works well. Warning: The shadows are inky dark. You will still need a torch or headlamp, but in the open you can turn it off. I have done winter trips by dogsled where we camped after 10 p.m. in December.
You actually want to be out during a waxing gibbous moon -- between first quarter and full. This puts the moon in the sky before the sun has set.
I'm not as high latitude as you, but even here at 54 N winter makes for long twilights. Camping at sunset still gives you well over an hour of reasonable twilight for setting up camp. If you can get a routine that allows you to break camp in the dark, start traveling at first light, and make camp at the end of twilight, you can make the most of the day.
Everything takes longer in the dark.
Everything takes longer when it's cold.
Day trips aren't bad. You can follow a broken trail on snowshoes just by starlight. We had ultra marathon team snowshoe races that started at 5 a.m. and the last teams often didn't get in until 10 p.m. (75 km for senior boys) At the time of the long race, in late February sunrise was around 8:30, sunset around 5:30, so most of the last team's race was run in twilight or darkness.
For overnight dogsled trips (1-12 days) our routine was fairly high impact and so only can be done in areas that are lightly used. We ran 2 people per sled with with 4-5 dogs pulling the load. At night the routine was:
Stop.
Unload night lines
Unharness dogs and attach to night lines.
Unload sled
Select a fire spot.
Two people cleared/packed fire site. 2 people fed dogs. 6 people cut wood. Dog people joined wood cutters when done.
Campsite people built fire, started buckets of snow to melt. Fired up coleman lantern to give working light and use as beacon for the wood cutters.
We would cut about a cord of wood into 3-4 foot long chunks.
By the time enough wood was cut (about 1.5 hours) water would be hot. Come in, find your pack to sit on, make yourself a cup of hot cocoa, hot juice (flavoured sugar), or coffee. Meanwhile supper was on the edge of the fire.
Most people would change footwear at this time, taking off their day footwear and putting on their campwear.
Supper would happen. After supper getting everything really dry would take another 2-3 hours depending on the day.
Between 9 and 10 most people would move 2-3 logs to the space by their sleeping bag, and crash for the night. No tents, just sleep with your head toward the fire on a foam pad on a tarp. Some people are good at waking up when the fire is almost out (I'm one...) and throwing another couple of logs on. The hot choc bucket was left near the fire. sometimes people would wake up, go take a pee, and grab a cup of hot something. Often a few others would ask him to fill up their cups too.
In the morning we'd start moving about 6 -- a couple hours before it was light enoough to easily see. Build up the fire, make breakfast. The half that was breaking trail on snowshoes would set off at first light, while the other half took apart the camp, packed, harnessed (don't forget the night lines...) and set off about an hour later.
Morning was harder: The dogs are really full of zip first thing in the morning and you do not want to steer a sled through trees that you can barely see. So while we were willing to push into darkness in the evening, we wanted decent light to set off in the morning.
Trail breakers needed enough light to navigate. Following an existing trail, especially if broken, in the dark is ok, but if the trail is not obvious wait for light.
