The old saying goes that Innuit have a 1000 names for snow (as @venture2099 says this isn't actually true but you get my point). This kind of makes sense to describe the various states and types of snow you get.
I can name a few:
What other names for snow exist?
English only please, don't just say "snow" in as many languages as google translate will let you...
Skiiers have many words for snow.
I'm sure there's more that I'm forgetting.
Snow consisting of several millimeters sized grains that develop by repeated melting in the sun and freezing over again during the night. Typically occurring in late winter and spring when the temperatures rise again or – in higher altitudes where snow exists all year – during summer.
As the name says, very fine-grained snow that fell at rather cold temperatures (I would guess something like -5 to -10 degrees Celsius).
Snow that fell at temperatures around zero degrees Celsius. Heavier than powder and sticks together when compressed – good for building snow men and snowball fights.
A hard and thin, ice-like surface on softer snow underneath. Forming mostly on powder that whose surface was slightly molten during the day and froze over again in the night. Especially annoying if it is not thick enough to hold the weight of a person as moving (skiing, snowshoeing, walking) under such conditions is quite exhaustive.
snow that was carried away from its initial place and deposited somewhere else. Through the wind it is mostly quite compact.
There's an excellent ski term glossary here from the Tetonsandwasatch blog, which includes words for snow, some of which I find hilarious. Some of my favorites:
Chunder – Generally, chopped up, bad – even heinous – snow.
Corn – Granular snow formed by repeatedly melting during the day and freezing at night. It’s generally icy at night; the ‘corn’ appears as the snow warms with daytime heating.
Facets – Snow which has undergone metamorphosis, such that the crystals are poorly bonded together. Often compared to sugar.
Glom – 1) A nasty condition in which accumulated material, usually a combination of semi-frozen, frozen, and melting snow, sticks to everything, particularly one’s skins as they attempt to ascend, thus resulting in ‘glomming.’ 2) Amalgamation of various food items which end up in the cooking pot on a camp stove. Best served with hot sauce! To learn to protect against glom, look here
Graupel – Precipitation that is created by the interaction of droplets of water condensing on a snowflake, creating a ball of rime. Best represented by images of ball bearings or tiny styrofoam ball filling material.
Pow, powder – Snow of a low density. Has many names, types, and varieties: gunsmoke, cream, fluff, air, bottomless, gnar gnar (often used by powder technicians), champagne, and many more.
Rime – A type of snow that has typically been wind blasted into place with such other factors present that it can hold on to vertical objects.
Sastrugi – Snow that has been shaped and affected by the wind.
Snain – A barely frozen snow which is a lot like rain. Or vice versa – a frozen rain that’s a lot like snow.
Snice – Snow that’s got plenty of ice content.
Snirt – You guessed it – snow that’s got plenty of dirt in it. Or dirt that has a little snow upon it.
As snow descends through the atmosphere and the air warms it melts and turns back to liquid (rain). If rain or partially-melted snow falls through a layer of sub-freezing air, sleet forms as small pellets of ice. So while not all sleet is still snow, some it may only be partially melted to the point that you may still consider it as such.
Sleet is the American terminology. This phenomenon is referred to as ice pellets in the rest of the Angloshpere.
The French term is neige fondue.
