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Compasses are a navigational instrument utilising a magnetized needle giving a frame of reference based on North, South, East and West, as well as their intermediate directions such as SE, NW etc. This is based on Magnetic North, and not True or Grid North.
14
votes
How much distance is there between True North and Magnetic North Poles?
They're absolutely NOT the same thing.
The distance varies. But it's about 500 miles. (The North Pole: Location, Weather, Exploration … and Santa).
Since its discovery in 1831, the magnetic North …
61
votes
Accepted
I never adjust for true north. Is this bad practice?
This map (and the Wikipedia article) will explain why you don't have a problem (in the UK, I'm guessing), but others do, elsewhere.
In the UK, you can ignore it at the moment, but you need to unders …
6
votes
Navigational gear worldwide
For compasses, it will depend on the model. … You can get globally balanced compasses like the Suunto M3 Global, but Silva compasses (probably the most common in Europe) tend to be balanced for the Northern Hemisphere. …
12
votes
Accepted
Is a compass generally accurate in only one hemisphere, or both?
You can get compasses that are 'globally balanced' to work everywhere - the Suunto M3 global is one.
The thing to remember in terms of 'outness' is magnetic declination. …
8
votes
How can you navigate / determine your location in thick fog?
There's a whole bunch of standard map and compass techniques you can use without a GPS.
If you know your location before the fog came down, then you're not lost - you just can't see so far. Change yo …