tl;dr: No. Any theoretical advantage of one rifling profile over another is lost in execution.
Since this is a question of practice, not theory, I appeal here to the experience of authorities in this space.
Bartlein Barrels, which for years has been on the forefront of barrel research and manufacturing, and whose barrels are the most widely used in competitive precision shooting, has several comments on 5R rifling versus more conventional rifling (i.e., even numbers of grooves with square shoulders):
Which is better 5R style rifling or conventional rifling?
In terms of
accuracy and barrel life we don’t see a difference. There are a lot of
varying opinions on this. Some say if you want hard core accuracy to
go with conventional rifling. We feel in the real world there is no
real difference. The more uniform your bore and groove sizes over the
entire length of the barrel, the more uniform the twist and the
straighter the blank the more forgiving the barrel is going to be.
Some say the 5R style rifled barrels clean easier? Maybe from a carbon
fouling stand point because your patch isn’t trying to get down into a
90 degree corner vs. conventional rifling. The way we clean our
barrels we don’t see a difference. From a copper fouling stand point
we see no difference here.
Bartlein does concede the possible theoretical advantage of 5R rifling in the way it engraves the bullets, but they have not seen evidence of that in practice. (And if they did, they would be among the first to advertise it.)
Among the factors that affect accuracy more than rifling profile:
- Precision and uniformity of the bore. This is affected by every step of manufacturing and rifling the barrel blank, from drilling the bore to rifling it to finish lapping and stress relieving.
- Finish and fit of the barrel. On the breech end a perfect barrel can be ruined if the chamber and leede are not cut precisely and squarely to the bore. On the muzzle end minuscule defects in the crown can markedly reduce accuracy.
